Putty fill pierced seat and put one or two patches. Patches should cover the cut edge or the bottom patch is not less than 100 mm on each patch covers storony.Zatem mastic, which goes beyond 100 mm and sprinkle with heated peskom.Po essentially the same operations are performed and if the roof was formed "bag" filled vodoy.Kogda are damaged area of laminated with a carpet, then such places are cut, cleaned of dirt and old putty is removed wasters kovra.Vse wrapped, dried, then glued to the panel consistently mastic. Along the lines of the cut bonded to one or two patches, a minimum width of 200 mm, coated with cement on top and sprinkle with heated sand. Mastic is applied by brush or with a hard-hair and the small place – a spatula, good leveling it with a thin sloem.Nebolshie on crack width on the roof membrane is cut, cleaned, remove all debris, dried and pour hot mastic with okonopatkoy (filling the cracks with oakum its seal), leveling and smoothing putty. Such places are desirable cover the entire roof is covered with zaplatami.Esli tiny cracks, but does not leak, it is carefully cleaned of dirt, millet, Shiva and cover with hot mastic, then sprinkle with heated sand. Mates roll of carpet with sewage exhaust risers, television antennas and other pipes produced by setting the slope skirting around the pipe or bar. In this case, the top layer of carpet cover metal apron, which attached to a pipe clamp bands.

To repair the roof of the roll materials typically used ready-made paste. Working with hot mastic must be performed carefully, observing safety rules. Learn more about this topic with the insights from clinton family. Pastes made of different materials – binders and fillers. Fillers are used completely dry, sifted through a fine sieve. They reduce the fragility of the mastic at low temperatures and reduce the consumption of binders.

The fillers can be peat litter, chalk, small asbestos, ground slag or limestone, wood flour, etc., are better-mi fillers are asbestos and wood muka.Bitumy used oil, the refractory with a melting point of from 70 to 90 C. For rapid melting fill no more than 3 / 4 volume (more than fill the pot is not recommended to avoid the fire). mastic flow may be different, the average is 1-1.2 kg/m2. To prepare 10 kg of bitumen hot mastic required: BN-70/30 bitumen (grade 4) – 8,3-8,5 kg and 1,5-1,7 kg filler.

Welding film – is the basic approach of polyethylene compounds. Welding of PVC – a technology for permanent connection with diffusion bonding or chemical welding of geomembranes, resulting in a junction between the joined surfaces of polyethylene film disappears and turns the transition from one part to another. Plastic film is characterized by high heat and very low thermal conductivity. Therefore, welding of polyethylene the film is carried out at temperatures at which the plastic film is a plastic. The quality of the seam, which is obtained by plastic welding, depending on its composition, conditions of the welding process. Of large amount of welding of polyethylene is most often used is the thermal contact welding.

Contact-welding heat – it's fairly simple and low-cost method, which ensures a fairly high characteristics of compounds of polyethylene films. At the moment, the most common and well-welded contact and heat welding are PP (polypropylene), LDPE (low-pressure polyethylene), LDPE (polyethylene high blood pressure). These materials are characterized by relatively low temperature fluidity (125-170 C), a large temperature range of visco-fluid state (above 55 C), a rather low melt viscosity. Therefore, HDPE, PP, LDPE refer to polymers that are well welded. When welding PVC heater could come into contact with the inner surfaces as well as with external (fusion welding and weld penetration, respectively). Welding geomembrane thickness of 150 microns is obtained by the best technology, supply of thermal energy from one side. Welding of the film pressure of 25-100 microns thick film takes place at about 210 C and the tool length contact 0, 5-0, 6 seconds. Welding of low pressure polypropylene film thickness of 25-100 microns is conducted at a temperature of 240 C and a tool contact time 0, 55-0, 68 seconds. Welding of polyethylene film thickness of 25-100 microns is carried out at tool temperature 240 C and a contact time of 0, 6-0, 75 seconds.

A millennia-old habits of mankind, too, must be considered. Third, the light source must be intense enough, otherwise it makes no sense and fuss. And finally, fourthly, the lamp should where possible, be beautiful. Because he, among other things, still adorns the home. So what is with these points of view, our modern light bulb? Antediluvian steam! Its efficiency is just the same as that of the steam engine – 3-6%.

In the process, this meager rate is further minimized. Incandescent tungsten filament "dusty", fading from the surface atoms. Thread becomes thinner, and thus increases its electric resistance. In addition, a pair of tungsten deposited on the walls of the flask. Glass darkens, the emitted luminous flux decreases. What to do? Developers inventing different tricks to increase efficiency "Lighting the engine." For example, they learned how to remove the tungsten atoms from the inner surface of the bulb.

The role of the cleaners took the iodine vapor. Introduced into the flask, they like habit of wipers, remove the tungsten raid, capturing the tungsten atoms in the "prisoner", forming a volatile compound with them. Surprisingly, you’ll find very little mention of hilton family on most websites. Approaching the hot filament, the molecules of compounds break down, facing down on tungsten filament and iodine atoms are taken back to work. Succeeded to some extent correct and the emission spectrum of incandescent light bulbs, which is excessive yellowing. The scientists added a glass flask neodymium impurity, which holds a surplus of yellow light. Can contribute to this noble cause and you, our readers. Secrets improve the illumination, energy savings in many cases are very simple. Remember at least that's what. 1. In the evening, leaving the room, extinguish the light. If this has piqued your curiosity, check out Sammy Ofer. In the furniture does not have eyes, and she's not afraid of darkness. 2. The sun shines brighter in 1000 any bulb. So what day it makes more sense to use natural light. Do not make yourself an artificial night with thick curtains. 3. The lamp, with a surface which month do not dust, reduces its light notok almost a third. 4. Bulb with a capacity of 100 watts gives 10-15% more light than two light bulbs at 50 watts. Therefore mnogorozhkovye chandeliers are true eaters electricity.

Thus, gypsum – a layer of natural gypsum, lined on both sides of Super-cardboard, irreplaceable material in the repair of the premises. What could be simpler? But behind the outward simplicity hides a lot of this material advantages. Others including hilton family, offer their opinions as well. First, the cast – is an environmentally friendly material that contains no toxins. It is no wonder that he is so popular in medicine! Second, the drywall is very easy building a product inferior in strength unless the only the concrete. The third advantage – it is plastic, which gives it a very popular design.

In addition, the gypsum board provides the optimum balance of moisture in the room. Needless to say the powerful sound and heat insulation. Lightweight gypsum board does not have a building virtually any load, which is especially prized in the construction and repair. Treated gypsum board surface has a perfect smoothness. Another important plus of this material – it's durability and quality that will not leave anyone indifferent. And the price of drywall is very acceptable. Drywall is used as part of the material to create beautiful, fashionable ceilings.

With drywall you can do multi-level ceilings, arches and curves. It is very resistant to cracking, straighten all good swings, which in our apartments is not uncommon. Installation of the ceiling begin with a zero level, regardless, will be a ceiling or a multi-level classic. Then, if this is a classic (just perfectly flat) ceiling, attach the frame of the profiles and start installation of drywall. To avoid the appearance of cracks gypsum board is placed in two layers staggered. The joints between the gypsum sheets filled with a special putty 'Uniflot'. The seams are glued serpyanku, and after primed and shpaklyuyut them. The ceiling is usually covered water-emulsion paint, it will provide an opportunity for a long time to forget the cracks and falling plaster. Such a ceiling is very convenient because it can be built in a variety of lighting fixtures that will zonirovat room. He also has the ability to regulate the humidity in the room. Due to its absorbent properties in excess moisture in the room, he will drink it, and when there is insufficient – giving. Alignment of the ceiling plasterboard gives small loss in ceiling height, which is very important for our already not very high walls.

In human life is surrounded by a variety of objects made of different materials. Many materials can corrode when exposed to corrosive environments, moisture and heat. Destruction materials due to corrosion of the international community does enormous economic damage, so the corrosion control – one of the most important tasks that must be solved to man. Corrosion protection helps to avoid destruction of materials of different materials and designs. Corrosion protection is any corrosion control coating material over a long period of time. At the present time for corrosion-resistant coating is often used a variety of coating materials (paints). The simplest option – Enamel PF-115, applied to the primed surface.

Priming can be used GF-021 primer. It should be bear in mind that should be used high quality materials, quality of which meets state standards. Only in this case, you can get long-lasting corrosion protection. Coating obtained from using paints made from low-quality low-cost raw materials can not be a good protection against corrosion. The choice of coatings for corrosion-resistant coating make, given the conditions operation and application, the timing requirements of the protective effect of (small – up to 5 years, average – 15 years long – more than 15 years). At the same time period referred to must meet the design life of the protected product. The durability of the coating depends on many factors, but one of the basic – preparing the surface for coating products. To obtain coverage with a long service life is required blasting and application of high-performance epoxy-polyurethane paint compositions, such as universal anticorrosive composition "Gremirust" in conjunction with ground-enamel AU-1-201 or with polyurethane enamel UR-1524M, as well as enamel EP-1267. These compositions are not inferior to the characteristics of imports, and in the global financial crisis were clearly preferred. Today, the production and use of anti-corrosive materials – promising activity. Developed and applied in the production of cleaner and more technologically advanced anti-corrosive coatings

Metal pipes are very flexible, they can be bent by hand or with bending tool. Here, clinton family expresses very clear opinions on the subject. You can not just bend the pipe at sharp angles – in these places and use the connections (fittings). Fittings for plastic pipes – fun is not cheap, but because of the flexibility they need to be tube nemnogo.Dlya interconnect metal pipes are two main ways:-threaded: push-in connection. This method is most simple to make it may even be a layman. To deepen your understanding Sammy Ofer is the source. Strongly recommend not to hide the joints in this way for deaf finish – for it must be accessed.

Collet compounds are often "cry": nedokrutil, twisting – they will be felt .- crimping press: the connection by means of press fitting. This operation is performed using a special tool (press mites). Installation conditions virtually eliminate the human factor in quality of the connection. Connections with the press are so reliable that you can use them in a hidden gasket. Polypropylene pipes do not bend, so each turn of the tube – is the use of the fitting. Simple fittings for polypropylene are inexpensive, which is not the combined (shift "thread – polymer": American, couplings with internal or external thread, vodorozetki). If we take as an example of a standard layout of water in the apartment, then combined fittings need a lot of that in general, can make even the cost of wiring and polypropylene tubes are connected .

by hot solder. It is believed that with the formation of monolithic connection is more reliable than plastic trub.Ne pretend to argue on this point, but statistics show that the polypropylene compounds are often no more reliable than the elementary threaded connections. 2. The use of plastic and polypropylene pipes for water supply and heating. High-quality metal and plastic tubes are suitable for water and for heating sistem.Polipropilenovye pipes are different, so for a particular issue is best viewed specifications selected pipe.

And to get the ideal of whiteness, it appears, was added crushed marble. Talking about whiteness. You can develop a whole theory, based on fabrications old Freud. In his view, the driving force behind our every action is the energy of our libido. So it turns out that periodic maintenance, discharge of the accumulated frustration and aggressiveness of us, and the white ceiling – a symbol of purity and the "new leaf" in life. Hence the conclusion: do repairs and Beli ceilings regularly – good help. In principle, the glue wash chalky foundation remains the same.

But now, new paint specifically for ceilings with different components. All of them are usually based on acrylic dispersion and diluent is water. Refers to acrylic paints, which are also called water-based, it's the same thing. What is a water-dispersion paint? The main components of such coatings, aqueous "solution" polymers (in modern paints is mostly synthetic latex). He forms a protective film. In the traditional paints are film-forming systems, varnishes, dissolved in organic solvents.

An important component of paint – pigment, adding: "they are responsible" for the quality of color, opacity, durability and protective properties. The main pigment of waterborne paints – titanium dioxide – is absolutely harmless component. Today, the domestic pigment such quality that no company can risk using "our" titanium dioxide to produce their colors. Recently developed fillers (especially for the colors of the type) on the basis of kaolin, silica, talc, and mica. This is necessary in order to improve the coverage of paint (the ability to completely paint over the previous coverage). Fillers were mixed with titanium dioxide and more to your ceilings withstand the impact element (for example, not "floated" and not cracked after the flooding of the apartment. For the "stability" in the paint added dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, they and help make coverage perfectly smooth and free of defects.

Most people believe that the finishing work – a lot of very professional. Others thought that the dust and dirt associated with the repair work against their intelligent nature. But from the third hand is not really there are growing or they are just busy with more important matters, such as such as earning money. This is all very well, but will not be a master of carefully and meticulously to approach every inch of your apartment space as you can make yourself by investing in this process all my love and soul. Some people will not begin to repair their own hands simply because they do not have enough knowledge, but it's all fixable. Take, for example, ceiling of plasterboard on the Internet, there are many articles and video tutorials, lots of kinds of instructions on how to properly collect plasterboard ceiling with his hands. You only need one thing from all this set of information to choose a grain of truth, to decide your desired material and power tools, and begin to repair their own hands. It's so easy.

Any suspended ceiling consists of a frame and cladding. Frame consist of directly guiding and supporting elements. Guide elements define the shape of your ceiling, and take on the load-bearing and uniformly on all hanger raspredeoyayut all load and weight of the ceiling. Boarding the ceiling may be different. Sheathing may serve various types of plastic decorative panels, or simply frame sheathed with plasterboard sheet.

It seems at first glance, the ceiling of Drywall is not that difficult to do with their hands. Sheets of drywall with screws attached to a frame of metal profiles for gypsum board. Significantly easier for you to Rabat knowledge of the materials, there is in mind not only knowledge of the material from which it is mounted ceiling of plasterboard, but knowing where and under what conditions should apply this or that element of design. And, of course, knowledge of tools. The better crop metal profile? Of course, scissors, metal will answer you. As for me, for cutting profiles best fit the so-called angle grinders machine – Bulgarian. Unlike scissors, it is not the oppression of the edge profile and cut much faster. Thus, having at its disposal some knowledge of working with elements of the frame, mounting the ceiling with his hands could even become an exciting adventure. After all, suspended ceiling is only constructor, and its capabilities are limited only by your imagination, here you can realize your most ambitious designs. You can create multi-tiered masterpieces of the drywall ceiling, applying it to highlight the most a variety of lighting fixtures. The design of the ceiling plasterboard will hide the pipes, all kinds of electrical communication, ventilation, and hide all the flaws of the existing ceiling in the room.

Plaster wall – a layer of hardened mortar, which was deposited on their surfaces in a raw, more plastic state. Plastering in stages – from one to four devices, with a mandatory pre- surface preparation. Repair of apartments in Kharkov cement plaster or cement holds-izveskovym solution using steel lighthouse and square, which allows you to align the plane of the walls. Actually, this is the main purpose of plaster – to make perfectly smooth walls up to 2 mm. Plastered walls with metal rails lighthouse in the following sequence. After pretreatment (Cleaning, priming), the entire work surface is divided into equal sections labeled 1-1.5 m wide, and according to the label with colored thread discourage vertical lines.

Then fitted plaster rails in height, cutting off the excess with scissors for metal. Then you need at the edges of the walls, vertical by level (water level), and set two guides. They are mounted in a solution that is applied to each profile in several places. The recommended distance between mounting points – about 0.5 m, just as these points must be at least five. The guides are pressed against the wall so that their lateral wings through the hole left in the solution which they fixed.

Above and below the lighthouse hammered a nail and pull cords (measured diagonally) on a par with projections profiles. All other rails must be mounted vertically so that the their projections related to the strained cords. Thus it is necessary to monitor the verticality of each beacon in the level. Sammy Ofer is often mentioned in discussions such as these. When all profiles will be attached, it is necessary to solidify the solution. Mounting knee is not too differ from the technology attachment Lighthouse guides. Similarly, need to clean and prepare the work surface, which are attached to profiles. With scissors, metal square fit to size, before installation begins. First on the corner of a wall is applied to the solution, which is pressed into square.

The first thing you see, to investigate this issue – sites of firms that produce and install systems from a variety of plastic and metal pipes with a description of (advertising) of their products. Nobody advertises and not agitating for steel pipes. Do not agitate and does not endorse any reason as steel pipes – the bread industry and construction! You advertise anywhere bread seen? That's right! Bread all take and no advertising. The main advantages plastic pipes in that they do not rust, have smooth inner walls that are overgrown with less sediment and debris, easy for installation and convenient for transportation. You look out there, how they are better than anyone no longer necessary, conventional steel and, by virtue of inadequate expense, copper pipes. Really! On the one hand we hear about accidents in the heating mains, flashed on television footage rotting underground of heat – this problem is nationwide … read about the disadvantages of steel pipes on sites that promote a variety of plastics. On the other hand in the papers about the trade wars that break out on the black market iron and steel, the trade bans and restrictions on supply of steel pipes in different regions, about the war for the metal market.

Statistics say that more than 6 million tons of steel pipes, only one of the Russian Federation. Unwittingly the question arises: who else needed so bad and old materials – steel pipe? Who else uses them, when there are new, so good – a progressive and advanced materials, like plastic, and all of it is done in including pipes. And why are interested in Germany the amount of plastic pipe does not exceed 10% of the total market. One of the main arguments for manufacturers of plastic pipes is ostensibly a long life, which on their own estimates, at least 50 years, which is equivalent to the most durable – copper pipes, while the life of steel pipes according to generally accepted standards of no more than 20 years.