Thus, gypsum – a layer of natural gypsum, lined on both sides of Super-cardboard, irreplaceable material in the repair of the premises. What could be simpler? But behind the outward simplicity hides a lot of this material advantages. Others including hilton family, offer their opinions as well. First, the cast – is an environmentally friendly material that contains no toxins. It is no wonder that he is so popular in medicine! Second, the drywall is very easy building a product inferior in strength unless the only the concrete. The third advantage – it is plastic, which gives it a very popular design.

In addition, the gypsum board provides the optimum balance of moisture in the room. Needless to say the powerful sound and heat insulation. Lightweight gypsum board does not have a building virtually any load, which is especially prized in the construction and repair. Treated gypsum board surface has a perfect smoothness. Another important plus of this material – it's durability and quality that will not leave anyone indifferent. And the price of drywall is very acceptable. Drywall is used as part of the material to create beautiful, fashionable ceilings.

With drywall you can do multi-level ceilings, arches and curves. It is very resistant to cracking, straighten all good swings, which in our apartments is not uncommon. Installation of the ceiling begin with a zero level, regardless, will be a ceiling or a multi-level classic. Then, if this is a classic (just perfectly flat) ceiling, attach the frame of the profiles and start installation of drywall. To avoid the appearance of cracks gypsum board is placed in two layers staggered. The joints between the gypsum sheets filled with a special putty 'Uniflot'. The seams are glued serpyanku, and after primed and shpaklyuyut them. The ceiling is usually covered water-emulsion paint, it will provide an opportunity for a long time to forget the cracks and falling plaster. Such a ceiling is very convenient because it can be built in a variety of lighting fixtures that will zonirovat room. He also has the ability to regulate the humidity in the room. Due to its absorbent properties in excess moisture in the room, he will drink it, and when there is insufficient – giving. Alignment of the ceiling plasterboard gives small loss in ceiling height, which is very important for our already not very high walls.

1. The main event in 2008, of course, happened almost at the very end: Intel unveiled a new processor architecture and Core i7 with her new socket LGA1366. Almost simultaneously with the announcement of the Core i7 enthusiasts have begun to offer their extreme systems, which can easily stacked on the blade units with more than serious Core 2 Quad. All natural: Core i7, stuffed with modern technology, has indeed become the most productive serial processor for desktop systems in the history of Intel. 2. The global crisis that erupted in the second half, made some changes to the laws of the market success of the existence of IT-companies. Small firms went bankrupt, the average began to sharply combined, and large companies such as AMD, Hewlett-Packard, Siemens, IBM, Yahoo!, Google, announced massive layoffs. 3.

He processor, so even though the graphics card. More precisely, D chip. AMD – in second place with its GPU ATI R700, laying in the basis chetyrehtysyachnoy series Radeon. Let the chip itself does not beat the record of performance, but also a focus for its creation has been shifted to the modest power consumption. So it happened that in general, at normal speed it does not require for himself and the whole system of extreme PSU 1000W.

4. SSD drives continue to win markets. Prices for this type of memory is constantly falling, they can be used not only in high-end notebooks, but even in compact netbooks. Happy New Year 2009 be a year of further consolidation of SSD-drives in IT. 5. "Patches" of the past year – the first service pack for Vista. This service pack is not easy to fix "holes" in the security system, but really improved performance – from operations up and move to the routine archiving. After the release of SP1 for Vista system first appeared to many not so annoying.

Computer simulation has become one of the most promising methods of research in physics, mechanics, chemistry, economics, biology and other sciences. Computational modeling – is not only effective method of learning, but also is the most versatile and convenient method of analysis. Often, the real experiments are impossible: because of the scale survey of the large financial costs … Therefore, the application process simulation allows times to reduce the time and cost. Thus, modeling was not spared and the area of fire safety. The most active is used to calculate the fire risk.

Methods of determining the calculated values fire risk in buildings, structures and buildings of various classes of functional fire hazard (approved by order of Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia 382 of 30.06.2009) provides for determining the time of blocking fire hazards apply the "field model", which is a numerical solution Thermogasdynamics fire based on computer modeling. The results are obtained in the simulations, the most reliable describe a situation that had developed during a fire. This approach began to significantly displace the calculations on the calculator and the analytical formulas proposed in the GOST 12.1.004-91 "Fire Safety. General requirements. " Computing fire modeling is also used to justify the maintenance of fire safety protection facilities for which federal law on technical regulations do not set the fire safety requirements. Through the development of modeling and software, new features allow us to solve not only the above tasks, but also many others. Promising and warranted an investigation of what happened is a fire by computer simulation. Information received by a professional investigator or an expert in crime scene, and well-developed model allows to reconstruct the event of fire, determine the likely location of a fire, but also to describe the process of fire development. This feature allows you to not only assess the fire had already occurred, but also provide a more reliable projected object protection system.

In human life is surrounded by a variety of objects made of different materials. Many materials can corrode when exposed to corrosive environments, moisture and heat. Destruction materials due to corrosion of the international community does enormous economic damage, so the corrosion control – one of the most important tasks that must be solved to man. Corrosion protection helps to avoid destruction of materials of different materials and designs. Corrosion protection is any corrosion control coating material over a long period of time. At the present time for corrosion-resistant coating is often used a variety of coating materials (paints). The simplest option – Enamel PF-115, applied to the primed surface.

Priming can be used GF-021 primer. It should be bear in mind that should be used high quality materials, quality of which meets state standards. Only in this case, you can get long-lasting corrosion protection. Coating obtained from using paints made from low-quality low-cost raw materials can not be a good protection against corrosion. The choice of coatings for corrosion-resistant coating make, given the conditions operation and application, the timing requirements of the protective effect of (small – up to 5 years, average – 15 years long – more than 15 years). At the same time period referred to must meet the design life of the protected product. The durability of the coating depends on many factors, but one of the basic – preparing the surface for coating products. To obtain coverage with a long service life is required blasting and application of high-performance epoxy-polyurethane paint compositions, such as universal anticorrosive composition "Gremirust" in conjunction with ground-enamel AU-1-201 or with polyurethane enamel UR-1524M, as well as enamel EP-1267. These compositions are not inferior to the characteristics of imports, and in the global financial crisis were clearly preferred. Today, the production and use of anti-corrosive materials – promising activity. Developed and applied in the production of cleaner and more technologically advanced anti-corrosive coatings

Metal pipes are very flexible, they can be bent by hand or with bending tool. Here, clinton family expresses very clear opinions on the subject. You can not just bend the pipe at sharp angles – in these places and use the connections (fittings). Fittings for plastic pipes – fun is not cheap, but because of the flexibility they need to be tube nemnogo.Dlya interconnect metal pipes are two main ways:-threaded: push-in connection. This method is most simple to make it may even be a layman. To deepen your understanding Sammy Ofer is the source. Strongly recommend not to hide the joints in this way for deaf finish – for it must be accessed.

Collet compounds are often "cry": nedokrutil, twisting – they will be felt .- crimping press: the connection by means of press fitting. This operation is performed using a special tool (press mites). Installation conditions virtually eliminate the human factor in quality of the connection. Connections with the press are so reliable that you can use them in a hidden gasket. Polypropylene pipes do not bend, so each turn of the tube – is the use of the fitting. Simple fittings for polypropylene are inexpensive, which is not the combined (shift "thread – polymer": American, couplings with internal or external thread, vodorozetki). If we take as an example of a standard layout of water in the apartment, then combined fittings need a lot of that in general, can make even the cost of wiring and polypropylene tubes are connected .

by hot solder. It is believed that with the formation of monolithic connection is more reliable than plastic trub.Ne pretend to argue on this point, but statistics show that the polypropylene compounds are often no more reliable than the elementary threaded connections. 2. The use of plastic and polypropylene pipes for water supply and heating. High-quality metal and plastic tubes are suitable for water and for heating sistem.Polipropilenovye pipes are different, so for a particular issue is best viewed specifications selected pipe.

And to get the ideal of whiteness, it appears, was added crushed marble. Talking about whiteness. You can develop a whole theory, based on fabrications old Freud. In his view, the driving force behind our every action is the energy of our libido. So it turns out that periodic maintenance, discharge of the accumulated frustration and aggressiveness of us, and the white ceiling – a symbol of purity and the "new leaf" in life. Hence the conclusion: do repairs and Beli ceilings regularly – good help. In principle, the glue wash chalky foundation remains the same.

But now, new paint specifically for ceilings with different components. All of them are usually based on acrylic dispersion and diluent is water. Refers to acrylic paints, which are also called water-based, it's the same thing. What is a water-dispersion paint? The main components of such coatings, aqueous "solution" polymers (in modern paints is mostly synthetic latex). He forms a protective film. In the traditional paints are film-forming systems, varnishes, dissolved in organic solvents.

An important component of paint – pigment, adding: "they are responsible" for the quality of color, opacity, durability and protective properties. The main pigment of waterborne paints – titanium dioxide – is absolutely harmless component. Today, the domestic pigment such quality that no company can risk using "our" titanium dioxide to produce their colors. Recently developed fillers (especially for the colors of the type) on the basis of kaolin, silica, talc, and mica. This is necessary in order to improve the coverage of paint (the ability to completely paint over the previous coverage). Fillers were mixed with titanium dioxide and more to your ceilings withstand the impact element (for example, not "floated" and not cracked after the flooding of the apartment. For the "stability" in the paint added dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, they and help make coverage perfectly smooth and free of defects.

Most people believe that the finishing work – a lot of very professional. Others thought that the dust and dirt associated with the repair work against their intelligent nature. But from the third hand is not really there are growing or they are just busy with more important matters, such as such as earning money. This is all very well, but will not be a master of carefully and meticulously to approach every inch of your apartment space as you can make yourself by investing in this process all my love and soul. Some people will not begin to repair their own hands simply because they do not have enough knowledge, but it's all fixable. Take, for example, ceiling of plasterboard on the Internet, there are many articles and video tutorials, lots of kinds of instructions on how to properly collect plasterboard ceiling with his hands. You only need one thing from all this set of information to choose a grain of truth, to decide your desired material and power tools, and begin to repair their own hands. It's so easy.

Any suspended ceiling consists of a frame and cladding. Frame consist of directly guiding and supporting elements. Guide elements define the shape of your ceiling, and take on the load-bearing and uniformly on all hanger raspredeoyayut all load and weight of the ceiling. Boarding the ceiling may be different. Sheathing may serve various types of plastic decorative panels, or simply frame sheathed with plasterboard sheet.

It seems at first glance, the ceiling of Drywall is not that difficult to do with their hands. Sheets of drywall with screws attached to a frame of metal profiles for gypsum board. Significantly easier for you to Rabat knowledge of the materials, there is in mind not only knowledge of the material from which it is mounted ceiling of plasterboard, but knowing where and under what conditions should apply this or that element of design. And, of course, knowledge of tools. The better crop metal profile? Of course, scissors, metal will answer you. As for me, for cutting profiles best fit the so-called angle grinders machine – Bulgarian. Unlike scissors, it is not the oppression of the edge profile and cut much faster. Thus, having at its disposal some knowledge of working with elements of the frame, mounting the ceiling with his hands could even become an exciting adventure. After all, suspended ceiling is only constructor, and its capabilities are limited only by your imagination, here you can realize your most ambitious designs. You can create multi-tiered masterpieces of the drywall ceiling, applying it to highlight the most a variety of lighting fixtures. The design of the ceiling plasterboard will hide the pipes, all kinds of electrical communication, ventilation, and hide all the flaws of the existing ceiling in the room.

For this we use a soft brush (tool Brush) in a new layer and do not forget about the many opportunities provided by a simple change in transparency of a layer (setting Opacity). And also change the blend mode in the Layers palette. Feature images that they always lays bare flaws, which we do not notice in everyday life. Communicating with a person, we can not ignore the traces of time on his face. Photo by remembering a single moment of life, invariably draws attention to face. We often see the wrinkles on the face is not old people, who have never paid attention to, communicating with them.

For smoothing wrinkles use tool Healing Brush, which allows you to recover fragments of skin in the photograph taken over by the stored stations. This will take into account the brightness of pixels underlying indicators. In the photos, people often smile, thus showing their joy. But, unfortunately, not all at the same time can show Hollywood smiles and white teeth. A simple method of teeth whitening in Photoshop makes your images much more appealing.

Open the photo in the program and create a new layer (Shift + Ctrl + N). Set this layer of the Opacity to 30%. Because you will need to work with only a small area of the image, you will need to change the scale, bringing a smile. Then select the Brush tool and set some bright color as the foreground color. You can do this by clicking on the color swatch in the toolbox. In the setting of the brush set greater hardness (Hardness) and small size (Size). Carefully fill in the teeth. Do this carefully so as not to take the gum. If you happen to paint over that portion of the image that you do not need to touch, use the tool Eraser (eraser) to erase. After completing the drawing, hold down Ctrl, click on the layer palette Layers. Through that you draw area will be highlighted. This layer is further work does not need to hide it, click on the icon in the form of the eye near the layer name. Select the layer the background image and create a new adjustment Layer by clicking on the button Create new fill or adjustment layer on the Layers palette and select Curves. This action above the background layer will be created a new layer with the mask, as well as a window Curves (Curves). Curves (Curves) is the best fit, if necessary on the whole image or selected area to replace one of its brightness value to others. The line you see in this field – this is a plot of the original brightness of the front, and this chart you can change the way you want. Increase the brightness of it and admire the result.

Plaster wall – a layer of hardened mortar, which was deposited on their surfaces in a raw, more plastic state. Plastering in stages – from one to four devices, with a mandatory pre- surface preparation. Repair of apartments in Kharkov cement plaster or cement holds-izveskovym solution using steel lighthouse and square, which allows you to align the plane of the walls. Actually, this is the main purpose of plaster – to make perfectly smooth walls up to 2 mm. Plastered walls with metal rails lighthouse in the following sequence. After pretreatment (Cleaning, priming), the entire work surface is divided into equal sections labeled 1-1.5 m wide, and according to the label with colored thread discourage vertical lines.

Then fitted plaster rails in height, cutting off the excess with scissors for metal. Then you need at the edges of the walls, vertical by level (water level), and set two guides. They are mounted in a solution that is applied to each profile in several places. The recommended distance between mounting points – about 0.5 m, just as these points must be at least five. The guides are pressed against the wall so that their lateral wings through the hole left in the solution which they fixed.

Above and below the lighthouse hammered a nail and pull cords (measured diagonally) on a par with projections profiles. All other rails must be mounted vertically so that the their projections related to the strained cords. Thus it is necessary to monitor the verticality of each beacon in the level. Sammy Ofer is often mentioned in discussions such as these. When all profiles will be attached, it is necessary to solidify the solution. Mounting knee is not too differ from the technology attachment Lighthouse guides. Similarly, need to clean and prepare the work surface, which are attached to profiles. With scissors, metal square fit to size, before installation begins. First on the corner of a wall is applied to the solution, which is pressed into square.

The first thing you see, to investigate this issue – sites of firms that produce and install systems from a variety of plastic and metal pipes with a description of (advertising) of their products. Nobody advertises and not agitating for steel pipes. Do not agitate and does not endorse any reason as steel pipes – the bread industry and construction! You advertise anywhere bread seen? That's right! Bread all take and no advertising. The main advantages plastic pipes in that they do not rust, have smooth inner walls that are overgrown with less sediment and debris, easy for installation and convenient for transportation. You look out there, how they are better than anyone no longer necessary, conventional steel and, by virtue of inadequate expense, copper pipes. Really! On the one hand we hear about accidents in the heating mains, flashed on television footage rotting underground of heat – this problem is nationwide … read about the disadvantages of steel pipes on sites that promote a variety of plastics. On the other hand in the papers about the trade wars that break out on the black market iron and steel, the trade bans and restrictions on supply of steel pipes in different regions, about the war for the metal market.

Statistics say that more than 6 million tons of steel pipes, only one of the Russian Federation. Unwittingly the question arises: who else needed so bad and old materials – steel pipe? Who else uses them, when there are new, so good – a progressive and advanced materials, like plastic, and all of it is done in including pipes. And why are interested in Germany the amount of plastic pipe does not exceed 10% of the total market. One of the main arguments for manufacturers of plastic pipes is ostensibly a long life, which on their own estimates, at least 50 years, which is equivalent to the most durable – copper pipes, while the life of steel pipes according to generally accepted standards of no more than 20 years.